Ethical Decision Making Ethical Decisions Essay - 1088 Words

Abstract Ethics is defined as the moral principles, values, and beliefs that a person uses to interpret a given situation and then decide the appropriate course of action based on these values (Jones). When we think about ethics, we usually think of honesty and doing the â€Å"right thing.† Ethics is an important facet in any business environment. When a company behaves ethically in communicating with its stakeholder, both internal and external, the organization gains trust and is able to build a strong, solid reputation. Many books and news articles are available online which discuss making ethical decisions and the importance of maintaining a high level of ethical standards in business. Ethical Decisions Sound ethical decisions are extremely important in business communication and the decision making process is greatly affected by ethical standards. There are four general rules any business leader must follow when trying to make ethical decisions. These rules help managers and employees to behave appropriately and in the best interest of stakeholders. The utilitarian rule states that an ethical decision is one that produces the greatest good for the maximum number of people affected (Jones). When making business decisions, managers need to consider whether the effects will benefit or harm employees or any other company stakeholder. If the outcome of a decision will benefit a greater number of people than the number of people harmed by the decision, the decision isShow MoreRelatedEthical Decision Making A Decision On Ethical Decisions1587 Words   |  7 PagesThroughtout this written assignment there will be a discussion on ethical decision making about making a dec ision on possible ethical consequences that may be placed in your life, and what ethical consequences will be dealt with in the mental health professional field. Decisions could possibility pertain your conduct such as an ethical dilemma that will required a serious decision to be solved by your action as an leader. Even though a leader may not have caused the problem, they do not have a choiceRead MoreEthical Decision Making : Ethical Decisions1496 Words   |  6 PagesFacing Ethical Decisions How does a person determine what is right or wrong when making a decision? Most people faced with an ethical decision usually revert to their personal values that hopefully guide them through the decision-making process. Assessing values and morals are an important role when making ethical decisions and how others view a person after making that decision. â€Å"Once we grasp the underlying concepts of making important decisions, we need to know how to apply them.† (Fisher, 2005)Read MoreEthical Decision Making Ethical Decisions Essay1610 Words   |  7 PagesWhen I think of making ethical decisions, I think of doing what’s right, but what exactly is the right thing and how do we define it? As humans we are all brought up under different circumstances, therefore we tend to distinguish from right and wrong in many different ways, especially at a young age when we first start to understand our moral behavior. This difference between the way we determine what’s righ t and what’s wrong is what makes it difficult for us humans to have the same understandingRead MoreEthical Decision Making And Ethical Decisions1026 Words   |  5 Pageswithin a particular organization. Also, it includes critical and ethical decision-making process so as to address various ethical dilemmas experienced by employees while undertaking their respective assigned duties within the company. Ethical dilemmas are hereby to stay as issues usually arise now and then and place a variety of options that bear different repercussions. Therefore, it calls for ethical and critical decision-making skills so as to make the most appropriate option that bears moreRead MoreEthical Decision Making : Ethical Decisions1047 Words   |  5 PagesEthical Decision-Making The first step in the CPA (2000) ethical decision-making model is identification of the individuals and groups potentially affected by the decision. In the ethical scenario I presented earlier, the individuals directly involved and likely to be most affected by the decision include the 54-year old woman and myself as the counsellor. Those who will likely be indirectly affected by the decision would be the woman’s family, including her 20-year old daughter, and the agencyRead MoreEthical Decision Making And Ethical Decisions1317 Words   |  6 Pagesaccount the works of ethical decision making, ethical decision making is an idea that will dramatically help any manager that takes this issue seriously. In the standpoint of the internal customer, ethical behavior improves the actual atmosphere at the job and helps motivate the actual employees, sets an example to the actual employees, and evokes a feeling of pride with the company and improves it is image within the eyes with th e employees. From the standpoint of outer customer, ethical behavior improvesRead MoreEthical Decision Making Ethical Decisions Essay1014 Words   |  5 PagesHaving to make an ethical decision regarding unethical circumstances can be challenging for some. â€Å"Ethical decision-making refers to the process of evaluating and choosing among alternatives in a manner consistent with ethical principles. In making ethical decisions, it is necessary to perceive and eliminate unethical options and select the best ethical alternative.The process of making ethical decisions requires: commitment-the desire to do the right thing regardless of the cost; consciousness-theRead MoreEthical Decision Making Ethical Decisions1533 Words   |  7 Pages When making ethical decisions we as Christians use different sources to help us in deciding how we should respond to a given situation while staying true to our Christian faith and its values. The scholar Richard Hays identified these sources for ethical decision-making into four areas: Scripture, tradition, reason and experience. Neither of these is used in isolation, but work together to help us decide what would be ethically right to lead the â€Å"good life† and proclaim the Kingdom of GodRead MoreEthical And Ethical Decision Making1500 Words   |  6 Pagesmore important than others, ethical decision making is a skill that has become increasingly pivotal. Jones states that a ‘moral issue is present where a person’s action, when freely performed, may harm or benefit others’ and defines ‘an ethical decision is a decision that is both legally and morally acceptable to the larger community’ (1991, p. 387). In order to create a company wide culture of ethics, employees must believe that the organization has a desire to be ethical and see proof of this fromRead Moreethical decision making1211 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Ethical- Decision Making University of the Rockies Mabel Drafton Abstract Countertransference is how therapists distort the way they perceive and react to a client (Corey, Corey, and Callanan, 2011). Therapists are expected to identify and deal with their own reactions with consultation, personal therapy, and supervision that their clients will not be negatively affected by the therapist’s problem. Personal therapy is an effective way for therapists

The Psychological And Medical Views On Transsexuality Essay

Anna Tamar-Mattis presents an analysis on the psychological and medical views on transsexuality, explaining that genital cosmetic surgery for intersex infants has been practiced for decades to eliminate gender ambiguity. Proponents of this practice claim that, by assigning a gender at an early age, parents will bond with their intersex child and the child will be subjected to lower dozes of peer rejection and teasing. They virtually ignore the fact that we are forcing people to be forever haunted by their gender-constructed identities, hormones, plastic surgeries and other medical treatments to ‘feminize’ and become new Caitlyn Jenners since before they can make a decision about their bodies. However, the growing social movement to encourage people to rethink their attitudes about gender is having a huge influence on how society views and deals with gender, but there’s still a long way to go, and one area that’s often under-addressed is gender fluidity in c hildren. Unfortunately, our government does very little to address this the restrictive practice in which children are forced to act their gender, often using vicious and harmful ways that have devastating consequences. Tamar-Mattis claims that â€Å"[c]ourts have determined that it is better for the judiciary to avoid second-guessing the medical profession as a whole†¦ Litigation can be a poor vehicle for developing medical standards of care, possibly leading to practices that are faulty or costly, or causing doctors toShow MoreRelatedThe Concept of Gender and Gender Identity1223 Words   |  5 Pagesthese topics on a more in depth level. People who close their eyes to the idea that a person could be born with the physical aspects of a male yet have the psychological aspects of a female and vice versa, tend to be the ones who say that those people are going against nature or god. Discriminating against people on the principles that their view on the matter is right and their main sou rce of information is the bible. I read posts on a weekly basis that have the writer angrily ranting on an ignorantRead MoreThe Wrong Body Essay4944 Words   |  20 PagesMason-Schrock 1996; Prosser, 1998). ‘Wrong body’ is employed accordingly to elucidate how an individual’s biological sex and body do not match his or her gender identity, a â€Å"person’s basic sense of being male, female, or of indeterminate sex† (American Psychological Association [APA], 2009, p. 28). Recently in the ABC (a well-recognized American broadcasting company) prime-time television special, American hero of the 1976 Summer Olympics, Bruce Jenner (now Caitlyn) shared to Diane Sawyer, an established AmericanRead MoreThe First Gender Identity Clinic1862 Words   |  8 Pagesserious and highly important diagnostic decision as gender affirming surgeries were irreversible. This resulted in many transsexual individuals to be denied access to hormones and surgery. Specific ally, transsexual men encountered difficulties, as transsexuality was primarily seen as a male-to-female only transition. In fact, during the late 1960s the United States leading UCLA Gender Identity Research Clinic debated whether trans men should be considered transsexuals. Many trans men themselves did notRead MoreHistory of Transgender9448 Words   |  38 Pagesforensic psychiatry 7 The late nineteenth century: Inverts turn to Experts. Enters sexology and the empirical case history. 8 Part II: Early 20th century The rise of Psychoanalysis and its denial of transgender identities Developments in Medical technology. 10 Psycho-analysis’ erasure of transgender 11 The sixties and seventies: routine treatment of the empty transsexual 12 Part III: Transgender becomes Real. The emergence of transgender. 15 De-constructingRead MoreLgbt19540 Words   |  79 Pages(regardless of ones biological sex). Gender expression refers to outwardly expressing ones gender identity. Transsexual people live or wish to live full time as members of the gender other than that assigned at birth. Transsexual people can seek medical interventions, such as hormones and surgery, to make their bodies fit as much as possible with their preferred gender. The process of transitioning from one gender to another is called gender reassignment. Biological females who wish to live and beRead MoreAppearance Discrimination in Employment22039 Words   |  89 Pagescom/journals.htm?issn=2040-7149volume=32issue=1articleid=17077304show=html Downloads: The fulltext of this document has been downloaded 1519 times since 2013 DOI (Permanent URL):  10.1108/02610151311305632 [pic]  Abstract [pic]  View PDF  (200kb) [pic]  Print View References †¢ References (67) Citations †¢ CrossRef (1) Further reading †¢ Related Content Search our articles for similar content †¢ Key readings Search our reviews for related items Marked

Plans for expansion of The new 3G technology Free Essays

1. T-mobile already has a wide range of mobile phones available on different payment tariffs. Phones are always being updated and new innovations. We will write a custom essay sample on Plans for expansion of The new 3G technology or any similar topic only for you Order Now The latest invention in the mobile world is 3G enabled mobile phones. Mobile phones have evolved a lot since the first 1G analogue phone. After the 1G mobile phone 2G phone was next this included GSM, TDMA and cdmaone. After the 2G phones came the 2.5G phones this included the ideas of the 2G phones but at a faster rate and the EDGE technology. The 3G phone will have wireless technology which will enable enhancements to current applications, including greater data speeds, increased capacity for voice and data and the advent of packet data networks versus today’s switched networks. The new 3G mobile phones will enable users to access the internet. 2. The production processes will need to be carefully managed when manufacturing the new 3G mobile phones. There are three different types of production methods which could be used batch, flow and job production. I believe the best production method for this product would be batch production as this would suit the type of product well. The advantages of using the batch production system would mean increased output of the product. The costs of production would be reduced. Some flexibility is retained so that different types of the product can be made 3. I think that patents/trademarks/copyright would be a good idea to use for the new 3G technology of mobile phone however to enforce this business would need expensive court action. 4. The new product will need a good marketing strategy which keeps in theme with the other products available from the company. The marketing mix technique which is a combination of product, price, promotion and place. The price of the product is a very important factor to consider there are 2 factors that affect the price of a product the elasticity and supply and demand. If the product is price inelastic then it is not very sensitive to changes in price. If the product is price elastic then the product in very sensitive to changes in price I believe that the new 3G mobile phone is a price elastic product and if you changed the price the demand would vary a lot. Promotion is another important factor when introducing a new product. There are two types of promotion above the line and below the line promotion. Above the line promotion is through media such as TV, radio, and cinema. Below the line promotion is a range of promotional techniques such as personal selling, direct marketing in which the firms have control over as they are usually led by them not outside agencies. I believe that the new 3G mobile phone will benefit from promotion on the television, through direct mail shots and newspaper promotions. 5. Some of the advantages of the new 3G technology. The new 3G technology will improve communication skills due to the widespread access to information it will allow more sophisticated communication. The new 3G mobile phones will be better quality and the customers will have more choice. Some of the disadvantages with the new 3G technology would be the cost of the new technology is quite high there are also some risks involved in integrating the new product. There may also be some resistance to the change in the new mobile phone technology. Overall I think that the advantages out weigh the disadvantages. 6. For managing the change I would suggest recording how the sales of the original products are selling before the 3G mobile phones are introduced and then also recording the sales when the new 3G mobile technology is introduced. If the sales of the old product falls new marketing techniques could be used to increase the sale sof this product and to maintain the sales of the new product. 7. In conclusion I have found that the new 3G technology would be a good new product for the company to introduce alongside the other wide range of mobile phones t-mobile has on offer. My advice would be to introduce the new 3G technology for a trial and see how the product sells and what marketing techniques need to be used for the product. How to cite Plans for expansion of The new 3G technology, Papers

Music of Life Essay Example For Students

Music of Life Essay Music is found in every corner of the planet, from the most isolated tribes in Africa and aboriginal tribes in Australia, to the palaces, courts and music halls of modern day. It is the heartbeat of every known culture, for all time, and existed long before recorded history. Just as different types of music has defined different stages of the human race, each person can also define memories and their own personal history through music; through the changing circumstances in their lives, to the changes in the type of music, these associations are very strong. Sara B. Geekier, in her study on The Effects of Music on Memory, stated that music has an amazing power to influence mans emotions and behavior. It has been found to affect and stimulate many different parts of the brain and body. Psychological study of music is based on this reason. Studies have found that music can reduce stress, aid relaxation, alleviate depression, and help store and recall information among other functions (Geekier, 2001). In my personal life, there are very specific times which I associate with different types of music. There are also very specific memories that can be recalled by simply hearing a specific song. Musical Life Story: Childhood During my childhood, the majority of the musical influence I received was through my parents, and what they listened to. This is probably very similar to many other people, but the kinds of music each may have experienced may differ simply because we dont all have the same parents, and they all didnt grow up in the same place, or are the same age. My parents in particular enjoyed much of the influence of the asss ND asss, particularly the music of the Battles, Fred Astaire, and many others. I remember my father singing along to Elvis, Johnny Cash, 01 Blue Eyes, The Pips and many more. He would turn up the radio in the car for Sitting on the Dock of the Bay, California Girl, and Tequila! I believe I have such a broad appreciation of music because of my fathers influence. He showed me that you didnt have to listen to only one genre. Musical Adolescence During my adolescent years, the musical influences changed dramatically. Not only as I now influenced by my siblings, both older and younger, but my variety of friends had very different tastes in music that exposed me to a whole new world of musical vocabulary. My early adolescence happened at the end of the sass (disco) into the sass (punk/alternative). I grew up watching Killed the Radio Star, Zigzag Stardust; People are People, Erasure; Men Without Hats; Bee Gees?to By experienced single Too Drunk to F#! @. It was my introduction to punk music, which wasnt quite as interesting to listen to as it was watching my parents response to the album cover. However, I listened to the alternative pop band Depth Mode as a staple during my musical adolescence. I owned all of their full releases on 12 vinyl, and several of their singles as well. I still own Depth Modes white vinyl of their 101 Tours. Growing up in the greater Seattle area also had an effect on my musical vocabulary. The garage band movement was enormously popular and fueled by many local artists. Seeing a very young Nirvana playing at a local community college with four other bands for $5 and my cousin dating one of Sir Mix a Lots posse were interesting moments that are recalled whenever I hear their music playing. Negative Musical Memories Its amazing how not only can hearing a piece of music recall specific memories, they can also recall distinct feelings. For me, it is not any particular song, but Christmas music in general fills me with a feeling of dread. For many years with young children, Christmas time was not about remembering a baby in a manger, but the disastrous battle of trying to find the right gifts for family, friends, satisfy the kids, and attempting to soothe my ex-wife. .u39b0b6e53db58865ee292ede0c450114 , .u39b0b6e53db58865ee292ede0c450114 .postImageUrl , .u39b0b6e53db58865ee292ede0c450114 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u39b0b6e53db58865ee292ede0c450114 , .u39b0b6e53db58865ee292ede0c450114:hover , .u39b0b6e53db58865ee292ede0c450114:visited , .u39b0b6e53db58865ee292ede0c450114:active { border:0!important; } .u39b0b6e53db58865ee292ede0c450114 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u39b0b6e53db58865ee292ede0c450114 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u39b0b6e53db58865ee292ede0c450114:active , .u39b0b6e53db58865ee292ede0c450114:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u39b0b6e53db58865ee292ede0c450114 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u39b0b6e53db58865ee292ede0c450114 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u39b0b6e53db58865ee292ede0c450114 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u39b0b6e53db58865ee292ede0c450114 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u39b0b6e53db58865ee292ede0c450114:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u39b0b6e53db58865ee292ede0c450114 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u39b0b6e53db58865ee292ede0c450114 .u39b0b6e53db58865ee292ede0c450114-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u39b0b6e53db58865ee292ede0c450114:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Music Analysis Argumentative EssayEven though my life is much less chaotic now with my children much older and me finally in a much more stable marriage, I am still filled with blabs © feelings any time I hear Christmas music. Positive Musical Memories In comparison, there are a series of artists and specific songs that bring back fond memories, and good feelings. In particular, one of the best concerts I attended was Allophone. Allophone I was an event held in Nuclear, WA?a suburban area near Seattle?where a multitude of bands and vendors came together for more of a musical event. In the days preceding the concert, Nuclear was inundated with an array of musicians, roadies, freaks, geeks and sluts. When I hear Canes Addiction Been caught stealing all of the events of that week come flooding back. Conclusion Music has incredible powers to influence our lives. Its surprising when you really pay attention to how music affects you, and the kinds of feelings and memories that can be recalled. The human race is surrounded by music; in the grocery store, at the gym, during movies, commercials, television, radio, even at our desks at work, and moieties even when we sleep.

Florida Bar Association Rules of Professional Conduct Essay Example Essay Example

Florida Bar Association Rules of Professional Conduct Essay Example Paper Florida Bar Association Rules of Professional Conduct Essay Introduction Rules of Professional Conduct (Chapter 4, Rules Regulating The Florida Bar) On This Page I. Issue II. Bar Position III. Background IV. Facts and Statistics [pic] I. Issue On January 1, 1987, the Code of Professional Responsibility ceased to govern lawyers in Florida. The Code was replaced by the Rules of Professional Conduct, which is Chapter 4 of the Rules Regulating The Florida Bar. The new Florida rules, patterned after the American Bar Association (ABA) Model Rules of Professional Conduct but stricter in many instances, provide updated ethical standards for attorney behavior and the structure for regulating conduct. Attorneys who violate the rules are subject to disciplinary proceedings brought by the Bar with penalties imposed by the Supreme Court of Florida. Advantages of the new rules include: †¢ Greater clarity, therefore promoting greater understanding of professional standards; improving ease of access for the average practitioner and offering a more definite framework for disciplinary procedures. †¢ Guidance in many matters not addressed in the Code of Professional Responsibility. New Rules of Discipline (Chapter 3, Rules Regulating The Florida Bar), which took effect at the same time as the Rules of Professional Conduct and amended further March 16, 1990, allow the Bar to publicly acknowledge complaints against attorneys after the Bar has formally filed a complaint against an attorney with the Supreme Court of Florida (cases received before March 17, 1990) and after grievance committee or staff disposition, including dismissals (cases after March 16, 1990). The Bar will be able to acknowledge that fact by citing the attorney’s name, the nature of the omplaint and the status of the case. Previously, before January 1, 1987, such information was usually released only after the Supreme Court issued the discipline order — often months or years after the formal complaint was filed. The new discipline rules also increase the disbarm ent period from three to five years (before an attorney can apply for readmission). The rules of discipline were amended with respect to abolition of the â€Å"gag rule,† substantial reduction in the amount of confidentiality attached to disciplinary cases and to allow for more streamlined grievance committee procedures. Florida Bar Association Rules of Professional Conduct Essay Body Paragraphs On February 9, 2000, The Florida Bar petitioned the Supreme Court to amend the Rules Regulating The Florida Bar. Some modifications were accepted and are now reflected in the Rules Regulating The Florida Bar. The most recent amendments to Chapters 3 and 4 of the Rules Regulating The Florida Bar were enacted by the Florida Supreme Court in Amendments to Rules Regulating The Florida Bar, 29 Fla. L. Weekly S265 (No. SC03-705, 5/20/2004). Back to Top [pic] II. Bar Position A. American Bar Association Position The Model Rules reflect years of effort by a commission of the ABA. The Florida Bar was active in the development of the Model Rules and many of its recommendations were included in the final Model Rules document. B. The Florida Bar Position Florida’s Rules of Professional Conduct are based on the Model Rules with modifications specific to the state. The rules were submitted to the Supreme Court and were approved with minor changes in July 1986. The Rules of Professional Cond uct reflect the position of The Florida Bar on matters of attorney conduct and discipline. Back to Top [pic] III. Background A. Historical The first national standards for lawyers were the Canons of Professional Ethics, adopted by the ABA in 1908, and subsequently by most state lawyer regulatory bodies. In 1969 the ABA replaced the Canons with the Code of Professional Responsibility, which was in turn, adopted in varying forms by all state bar associations. In 1977, the ABA leadership determined the code needed reworking and appointed the Commission on the Evaluation of Professional Standards, commonly known as the Kutak Commission. After six years of comment, debate and redrafting, the Kutak Commission proposed its final work product, the Model Rules of Professional Conduct, which the ABA adopted in 1983 to replace the Code of Professional Responsibility. The Florida Bar appointed a special study committee of lawyers and law professors from throughout the state to study the propose d rules and make recommendations regarding their adoption in Florida. After thorough review, debate and public hearings, the committee recommended that the rules be adopted with some modifications. The Florida Bar’s Board of Governors concurred, and after lengthy consideration, the Florida Supreme Court entered its order adopting the rules, effective 12:01 a. m. on January 1, 1987, in place of the Code of Professional Responsibility. B. Format The Code of Professional Responsibility was in a three-part format: the nine Canons, the Ethical Considerations and the Disciplinary rules. The purpose was to state the general maxims in the Canons, and aspirational objectives in the EC’s, and the enforceable standards in the DR’s. The Kutak Commission found that the Code of Professional Responsibility, including the varying standards found in the Canons, EC’s and the DR’s, were cumbersome and difficult to apply in the practical resolution of ethical dilemmas arising in the everyday practice of law. With the increasing size of the Bar and the need to provide more effective ethical standards for lawyers, the Kutak Commission believed that the restatement format would make the rules a more useful tool in the practice of law and in disciplinary procedures. The rules also provide substantive guidance in many areas not addressed by the code. The rules abandon the three-part format of the Code. The rules appear in a restatement format, with a total of 50 black letter rules in eight parts (Client-Lawyer Relationship, Counselor, Advocate, Transactions With Persons Other Than Clients, Law Firms and Associations, Public Service, Information About Legal Services, and Maintaining the Integrity of the Profession). Accompanying each rule is a comment explaining the purpose of the rule and providing a guide to interpretation. The comments explain and interpret the rules, but their statements of appropriate conduct, to the extent that they go beyond th e actual mandates of the rules themselves, are not mandatory or binding. Back to Top [pic] C. Substantive Some of the areas where The Florida Bar has adopted stricter standards than the ABA’s Model Rules include: †¢ Client Confidentiality. Florida rules require a lawyer to reveal information to prevent a client from committing a crime or to prevent a death or substantial bodily harm to another. The ABA Model simply leaves revelation of that information to the discretion of the lawyer. Contingency Fees. Florida rules require that all such arrangements in personal injury and property damage cases be in writing and closing statements disbursing such fees also be in writing. Percentage caps are also in place for personal injury and wrongful death cases. The ABA has no such cap requirements. Fee splitting is also addressed in the rules. A client must approve most fee splits before attorneys can share a fee and the closing statement must reflect who received what fees. For the most part, the substantive content of the rules is consistent with the Code of Professional Responsibility that they replace. Some examples of where the rules vary from the code, or address matters not found in the Code include: †¢ The rules are consistent with the recent pronouncements of the U. S. Supreme Court on advertising and essentially permit any form of advertising that is not false or misleading. †¢ Lawyers are allowed in certain situations (including the aftermath of disasters) to solicit clients through direct mail advertising. †¢ Lawyers are required to report ethical violations by other attorneys that raise a substantial question as to the lawyer’s honesty, trustworthiness or fitness as a lawyer. Previously, reporting violations by other lawyers was discretionary. The rules permit disciplinary action against a lawyer who knows of serious misconduct by another lawyer but fails to report it. Attorneys have a similar responsibility relative to judic ial misconduct. †¢ Attorneys are forbidden from using means that have no substantial purpose other than to embarrass, delay or burden a third person and forbidden from making a frivolous discovery request in a pretrial procedure. Lawyers are required to make reasonable efforts to expedite litigation consistent with the interests of the client. †¢ Forwarding fees (sometimes called â€Å"referral fees†) are expressly permitted not only when they are divided in proportion to services rendered, but also where each participating lawyer merely assumed joint responsibility with the client consenting in writing. †¢ The rules expressly permit lawyers to advance costs contingent upon outcome of litigation. †¢ The rules expressly permit a member of a lawyer’s firm to be a witness in a trial in which the lawyer is trial counsel. Circumstances in which a lawyer may accept employment adverse to a former client are expressly addressed for the first time. †¢ C onsiderations in corporation representation, including conflicts that may arise within the organization, are treated directly for the first time. †¢ The principle of confidentiality between lawyers and clients is expanded from the code’s concepts of â€Å"confidences† and â€Å"secrets† to any information relating to representation. †¢ The rules expressly permit a lawyer to act as an intermediary between two or more clients in certain circumstances. The rules address the separate responsibilities of senior and subordinate lawyers in law firms, and the responsibilities for legal assistants, for the first time. †¢ For the first time, lawyers are allowed to participate in referral services operated by someone other than local bar associations and The Florida Bar. In other words, they can participate in privately (nonlawyer) operated, for-profit referral services. Back to Top [pic] IV. Facts and Statistics The Florida Bar Lawyer Regulation Department [pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |Year |Complaints Received|Disbarments |Suspens- |Public |Resignat- |Admonish- | | | | |ions |Reprimands |ions |ments | |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |1980-81 |3,648 |15 |38 |18 |4 |87 | |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |1985-86 |6,268 |29 |65 |29 |13 |189 | |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |1990-91 |8,068 |27 |110 |66 |38 |N/A | |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |1991-92 |8,234 |39 |110 |56 40 |107 | |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |1992-93 |7,497 |33 |128 |48 |37 |142 | |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |1993-94 |7,796 |23 |123 |54 |37 |142 | |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |1994-95 |8,470 |29 |135 |62 |33 |148 | |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |1995-96 |8,839 |35 |146 |63 |25 |111 | |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |1996-97 |9,436 |36 |127 |66 |36 |88 | |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |1997-98 |9,317 |32 |150 |60 |38 |62 | |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |1998-99 |9,101 |29 |144 |49 |44 |66 | |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |1999-00 |9,491 |35 |132 |43 |30 |57 | |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |2000-01 |9,280 |38 |155 |57 |38 |70 | |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] [pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |2001-02 |8,691 |20 |133 |69 |29 |52 | |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |2002-03 |8,671 |40 |116 |43 |26 |70 | Prepared by The Florida Bar Department of Public Information and Bar Services with assistance by the Lawyer Regulation Department and the Ethics and Advertising Department. We will write a custom essay sample on Florida Bar Association Rules of Professional Conduct Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Florida Bar Association Rules of Professional Conduct Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Florida Bar Association Rules of Professional Conduct Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Gamma Rays are Part of the High-Energy Universe

Gamma Rays are Part of the High-Energy Universe Everyone has heard of the electromagnetic spectrum. Its a collection of all wavelengths and frequencies of light, from radio and microwave to ultraviolet and gamma. The light we see is called the visible part of the spectrum. The rest of the frequencies and waves are invisible to our eyes, but detectable using special instruments.   Gamma rays are the most energetic part of the spectrum. They have the shortest wavelengths and highest frequencies. These characteristics make them extremely hazardous to life, but they also tell astronomers a lot  about the objects that emit them in the universe. Gamma-rays do occur on Earth, created when cosmic rays hit our atmosphere and interact with the gas molecules. Theyre also a by-product of the decay of radioactive elements, particularly in nuclear explosions and in nuclear reactors. Gamma rays arent always a deadly threat: in medicine, theyre used to treat cancer (among other things). However, there are cosmic sources of these killer photons, and for the longest time, they remained a mystery to astronomers. They stayed that way until telescopes were built that could detect and study these high-energy emissions. Cosmic Sources of Gamma Rays Today, we know much more about this radiation and where it comes from in the universe. Astronomers detect these rays from extremely energetic activities and objects such as supernova explosions, neutron stars, and black hole interactions. These are difficult to study because of the high energies involved, they are sometimes very bright in visible light, and the fact that our atmosphere protects us from most gamma rays. To see these activities properly, astronomers send specialized  instruments to space, so they can see the gamma rays from high above Earths protective blanket of air. NASAs orbiting  Swift satellite and the Fermi Gamma-ray Telescope are among the instruments astronomers currently use to detect and study this radiation. Gamma-ray Bursts Over the past few decades, astronomers have detected extremely strong bursts of gamma rays from various points in the sky. By long, astronomers mean only a few seconds to a few minutes. However, their distances, ranging from millions to billions of light-years away, indicate that these objects and events must be very bright in order to be seen from across the universe.   The so-called gamma-ray bursts are the most energetic and brightest events ever recorded. They can send out prodigious amounts of energy in just a few seconds- more than the Sun will release throughout its entire existence. Until very recently, astronomers could only speculate about what caused such massive explosions. However, recent observations have helped them track down the sources of these events. For example, the Swift satellite detected a gamma-ray burst that came from the birth of a black hole that lay more than 12 billion light-years away from Earth. That is very early in the universes history.   There are shorter bursts, less than two seconds long, which were really a mystery for years. Eventually astronomers linked these events to activities called kilonovae, which occur when two neutron stars or a neutron star or a black hole merge together. At the moment of the merger, they give off short bursts of gamma-rays. They can also emit gravitational waves. The History of Gamma-ray Astronomy Gamma-ray astronomy had its start during the Cold War. Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) were first detected in the 1960s by the Vela fleet of satellites. At first, people were worried that they were signs of a nuclear attack. Over the next decades, astronomers began searching out the sources of these mysterious pinpoint explosions by searching for optical light (visible light) signals and in ultraviolet, x-ray, and signals. The launch of the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory in 1991 took the search for cosmic sources of gamma rays to new heights. Its observations showed that GRBs occur throughout the universe and not necessarily inside our own Milky Way Galaxy. Since that time, the BeppoSAX observatory, launched by the Italian Space Agency, as well as the High Energy Transient Explorer (launched by NASA) have been used to detect GRBs. The European Space Agencys INTEGRAL mission joined the hunt in 2002. More recently, the Fermi Gamma-ray Telescope has surveyed the sky and charted gamma-ray emitters.   The need for fast detection of GRBs is key to searching out the high-energy events that cause them. For one thing, the very short-burst events die out very quickly, making it difficult to figure out the source. X-satellites can pick up the hunt (since theres usually a related x-ray flare). To help astronomers quickly zero in on a GRB source, the Gamma Ray Bursts Coordinates Network immediately sends out notifications to scientists and institutions involved in studying these outbursts. That way, they can immediately plan follow-up observations using ground-based and space-based optical, radio and X-ray observatories. As astronomers study more of these outbursts, theyll gain a better understanding of the very energetic activities that cause them. The universe is filled with sources of GRBs, so what they learn will also tell us more about the high-energy cosmos.   Fast Facts Gamma rays are the most energetic type of radiation known. They are given off by very energetic objects and processes in the universe.  Gamma rays can also be created in the lab, and this type of radiation is used in some medical applications.Gamma-ray astronomy is done with orbiting satellites that can detect them without interference from Earths atmosphere.

Critically Assess the Proposition that Illegal Downloading is Essay

Critically Assess the Proposition that Illegal Downloading is Destroying the Music Industry - Essay Example Copyright is an important factor in the discussion of the impact of illegal downloads on the music industry. Without copyright, there would be no claim upon which to determine if sharing files is illegal. Marshall (2005, p. 39) writes that one of the first fundamental changes in the relationship of music to commodity occurred when the UK Copyright Act of 1814 when copyright began to be valid throughout the life of the author of a work. The rippling effect was to add the author as part of the value of the work. In the case of illegal downloads, it can be argued that value is being shifted once more into the public ownership of the works and away from the authors of the works. When music becomes more nameless as it is not acknowledge through monetary payment, it can be said that the music is taken from the authors and placed in the hands of masses. Navigating digital download technologies means redefining the nature of music ownership (May 2002, p. 119). It is not clear, however, wheth er or not this will create damage to the music industry to diminish its existence or if it will mean reconfiguring the process of music commodification. Current models are not working and future models have yet to be revealed. It is also relevant to the process to discuss the influence of YouTube on the digital download controversy. On the YouTube site people can search for almost any song they wish to listen to and get the audio content as well as some form of visual content. The files can be shared through other outlets such as Facebook. The issue of copyright has emerged for the site as much of the content has not been purchased and it is not being spread through legal terms (Hilderbrand 2007, p. 48). Often items are deleted over the copyright issue. Other artists allow the use of... This essay approves that scientific discovery leads to consequences that are often unpredictable when put into public use. The changes in social construction are affected by the instrumentalizing of new technologies. The capacity to record the voice and then to hear it outside of a live performance changed the face of human experience. The capacity to disseminate music in a widely diverse number of ways for content and listening has further changed the nature of music as it affects the human condition. the nature of music creation has turned to digitalization, thus placing into context a whole new format for creation and consuming music. Technology has influenced the construction and consumption of music. As music has changed, it should be expected that the consumption of music would change. This report makes a conclusion that the music industry is in jeopardy of being destroyed in its current incarnation, but this will mean that some other format will emerge. The importance of music in culture has been far too deeply established to be completely eradicated by the freedom to download content through file sharing. Where corporate influence has been strong in the development of taste and cultural music appreciations before the internet, listeners now have access to work that would never have been in the public before the wide distribution capacities of the internet. The fear that the music industry more likely has is not the losses incurred by a lack of recording sales, but that they are no longer in control of their consumers, taste and influence in the hands of anyone who can create music, upload a file, and share it with the world.

Engineering and construction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Engineering and construction - Essay Example ............................................ 30 Task 1 Laminar flow Laminar flow is a type of flow where fluids generally move at low velocity. The layers of the fluid slide by one another. There is no lateral mixing of the fluid and no formation of eddies, cross current or any swirls. Particles of the fluid move in straight line in orderly manner parallel to the boundary walls which can be seen in straight sections of pipes. It generally occurs at a Reynolds number below critical value of 2040. Turbulent flow Turbulent flow is a type of flow that occurs in large velocities characterized with the formation of eddies, swirls and other disturbances in the flow pattern. There is irregularity of flow pattern, fluctuating nature of flow, and diffusivity of particles due to rapid lateral mixing. There is a rapid change in pressure and velocity happening with respect to the space and time. The drag due to boundary layer skin friction is increasing and the overall drag often reduces due to t he changing of structure and location of boundary layers. It generally occurs at a Reynolds number greater than 2040. Uniform Flow Uniform flow occurs when the terminal velocity of the flow is reached. This phenomenon arises when the loss of potential energy in flow is equal to the work done against the channel surface friction. If flow properties are the same at every location along the channel, the flow is uniform. dy/dx = 0. The energy line, water surface and channel bottom becomes all parallel thereby creating uniform flow. So= Sf . In a uniform flow, the velocity can be expressed only as a function of time. According to Eulerian, it is described as   Non-Uniform Flow Non-uniform flow is a type of flow for fluids where the velocity and other hydrodynamic parameters at a particular instant of time is not the same at all points. Change in parameter occur both in points where flow is in the same direction and perpendicular to the direction. The perpendicular non-uniformity is enc ountered near solid boundaries where the fluid passes through. This can be explained by the no-slip condition which occurs when the viscosity tries to reduce the relative velocity of fluid to zero. Steady Flow A steady flow is a type of flow where the hydrodynamic properties of fluid do not change at particular location and time. However, this flow is restricted with space but not with time. There is a required frame of reference. For example, in a laminar flow within a sphere, the flow is kept stationary and steady with respect to the shape of the object. Using the Eulerian approach, a steady flow is described as, and Unsteady Flow An unsteady flow is a type of flow where the hydrodynamic parameters and fluid properties at a particular point changes with respect to time. Turbulent flow is generally unsteady in nature. Reynolds Number Reynolds number denoted by Re is a dimensionless number. It represents a critical quantity to determine the type of flow of fluids, whether it is lami nar or turbulent. It is a ratio of the inertial forces to the viscous forces of fluid. Laminar flow occurs at low Reynolds number while turbulent flow occurs at high Reynolds number. [4] where: = The mean velocity of the object relative to the fluid. The unit is m/s L = Characteristic linear dimension. The unit is m ? = Dynamic viscosity of the fluid. The unit is kg/(m ·s) ? = Kinematic viscosity. The unit is (m?/s) = The density of the fluid. The unit is kg/m? Bernoulli's Theorem Bernoulli's theorem states than in a flow which has no viscosity or inviscid flow, there

Being Clear on What Is and What Should Be Queer. This Essay

Being Clear on What Is and What Should Be Queer. This Conceptualization Of Queer - Essay Example It is inferred from Harding’s essay that because of heteronormativity, queer includes fat women, whose only chance of experiencing sex is by being raped. In The Trouble with Normal, Warner examines the dilemma of determining and pursuing what is normal. Being normal casts negative shadows on what is queer, which is why Warner thinks it is wrong for the Mattachine Society to toss aside the issue of sex to gain respectability and normativity. Two definitions of queer emerge because society defines it as having sexual norms that are against heteronormativity, something that is sinful and pathological (or what queer should be), while Harding and Warner describe it as composed of variations to the norm, where everyone has equal sexual agency (or what queer is). Society defines queer as opposite to acceptable heterosexual norms and practices. Sex is central to the concept of queer, but society, in its heterosexual morality, seeks to undermine queer sex as improper, immoral sex. Hard ing and Warner question the dominant social definition of queer as a negative sexual attitude and behavior just because it is outside heteronormativity. Who defines what is queer? For Harding, the hypermasculine culture defines queer vis-a-vis its sexual and political interests. She asserts that society conditions women to live for their â€Å"primary obligation†: â€Å"to make [themselves] pretty for heterosexual men’s pleasure† (68). Queer women, by sexually desiring the same sex, are clashing with their predominant obligation. Furthermore, queer is defined not according to what the defined actually feels, but how heterosexual society describes it should be. Harding criticizes society and the media for having a skewed understanding of beauty and attraction, which is the basis of political and social roles, functions, and boundaries. After discussing how society and the media pressure fat people to be thin, Harding notes that it is clear that: â€Å"†¦fat is Not Hot† (74, capital letters from original text). Beauty is reserved for the thin, and people are supposed to be attracted only to thin people. Queer is unattractive to heterosexual norms. Another definition from mainstream society is that queer is abnormal and must be concealed or changed to suit heteronormativity. Warner criticizes the efforts of some gay organizations to desexualize their struggles because the essence of being queer is being sexual and being open about it. He stresses that homosexuality is central to the fight for gender equality: â€Å"It is hard to claim that homosexuality is irrelevant as long as you feel the need to make the claim† (46). Sex and sexuality are political centers of the aspiration for personhood. Warner argues that sex is politics and queer is political. In 1953, the Mattachine Society’s new leaders assert the importance of â€Å"integrating† as a way of showing the public â€Å"new maturity† (Warner 46). T o integrate is to be non-sexual and to be non-sexual is to forget that sexuality is a political struggle for the queer. And to forget that queer is sexual and political is to say that queer is dead and must remain so. Warner’s point is that by desexualizing the queer movement, the queer are accepting the social definition that they are not acceptable because they are not the norm. Queer is abnormal and must remain hidden in the bathrooms and bushes. Fat women are queer too because their physical characteristics put them at the fringes of physical attraction. Harding points this out persuasively, as she analyzes the heterosexual norm, where: â€Å"

Annotated Bibliography: Nursing Care of Patient With Stroke

Annotated Bibliography: Nursing Care of Patient With Stroke This annotated bibliography will discuss three pieces of literatures, which include a Department of health policy. Demonstrating an understanding of the chosen articles with the use of additional literatures to analyse identify and explore learning and how it will influence the nursing care of patient with stroke. Furthermore, the analysis of how the literature search was performed, the database used, search term used, the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the findings and exploration of why the literature was chosen will be identified. Search Strategy Database such as CINAHL plus, British Nursing Index and Department of Health policy was utilised to acquire relevant articles and guideline relating to stroke (Achterberg, Schoonhoven Grol, 2008). This was searched using keywords such as; â€Å"self- care CVA†, â€Å"self-care management†, with the use of the Boolean operator â€Å"OR†, â€Å"AND â€Å"and â€Å"IN† which helped expand and narrow the search criteria (Petersen, 2010). To carry out the first search the keywords â€Å"self-care management† was inserted and it came up with 1878 hits, again Boolean operator â€Å"OR† was used to refine the search. However the hits were large at 40361 hits, the Boolean operator â€Å"IN† was inserted which gave less than 1657 hits. Moreover, when the search keywords â€Å"self-care stroke† was inserted to the database it came up with 1831 hits, however when the Boolean operator â€Å"AND† was added the number of hits had red uced to 51. To further narrow the search to get minimum and relevant information relating to stroke, the writer used the advance search tools by limiting the search to UK only, publications dates within 6years and excluding international. As a result of this, the first article had 30 results, second article had 500 results and the third article had 321 results. From this, the writer read 10 abstracts each from the articles that were more suitable for the research. From the ten abstract read, the writer was able to come to conclusion by choosing 1 article from each search as it contains appropriate information regarding nursing care for patient with stroke. However the policy was found using the DoH website as the database used to find the other articles were not appropriate for finding a guideline. This was search using keywords â€Å"SELF MANAGEMENT FOR STROKE†, in which gave the writer suitable information relating to stroke and how it influence nursing care (reference) Annotated Article 1 Joice, S. (2012). Self-Management following Stroke. Nursing Standard, 26 (22), 39-46 In this article the author defines the concept of self-management and describes psychological theories and emerging behaviour change techniques that nurses can use to promote positive self-care in patients who have had a stroke (McCabe Timmins, 2013). They identify the importance that nurses are in the main position to combine a wide range of behaviour change techniques that can be modify to different patients (Egan, 2009). They also identify the importance of nurses creating a therapeutic relationship through communication as it enhances the delivery of care provided (Palmer, 2000). Additionally, by providing useful communication between the nurse and patient it encourages them to take more interest in their condition and develop greater understanding and confidence in self-care management (McCabe Timmins, 2013). Many authors such as Burnard (2003), Barrett, Komaromy, Robb and Rodger (2004) and Bach and Grant (2011) agree that communication is the most important therapeutic skill compulsory for nurses. Whilst Schuster (2000) highlights that nurses must also be able to appreciate non-verbal communication, through eye contact and touch, as it is a crucial method to creating a rapport and trusting relationship with their patient before verbal communication commences. The article also identified the challenges nurses face when delivering self-management after stroke, as different policies, authors or researchers may not use same definition of self-management (Newman, Steed Mulligan 2009). Therefore, nurses have to interpret documents and apply them in different environment. Lorig Holman (2003) supports that self-management is poorly theorised, which means lack of knowledge restrict both the nurses and patients from facilitating self-care management (White, Duncan and Baumle, 2011) Although it identifies the importance of individual’s attitudes and beliefs towards recovery and response to rehabilitation, the attitudes and beliefs of the nurse also plays a role (Young and Forster, 2007). However Daniel, Grendall Wilkins (2008) states the importance of valuing people’s attitude and beliefs as it determines their motivation to participate in self- care. Therefore nurses have to be sensitive to that fact that all patients share different beliefs regarding health care issues. (Barker, 2009) The overall article highlighted the importance of nurse’s usage of different behaviour change techniques to promote positive self-management after stroke. It also identifies nurses as the main provider in promoting self-care to patients and their families in order to improve the outcome. Annotated Article 2 Rowat, A. (2011). Malnutrition and Dehydration after Stroke. Nursing Standard, 26 (14), 42-46 The aim of the article was to encourage nurses to identify the frequency and causes of malnutrition and dehydration, consider the complications it can cause and to be aware of the feeding strategies. They identify that patient presented with stroke should be assessed within the first 48 hours and swallowing should be assessed before giving any food, fluid or oral medication (NICE, 2008). They identify the video-fluoroscopy test used to observe the patient swallowing process. However the test is not practical for assessing patient with stroke as they are unable to sit independently as well as endure movement of their head (Rowe D’Antonio, 2005, Jacobsson et al, 2000). Although the video-fluoroscopy is used to detect dysphagia, it is believed to be an unreliable source as it does not identify how the patient should be fed when they return to the ward (Clayton, Jack, Ryall, Tran, Hilal Gosney 2006). The use of different trials carried out by Dennis, Lewis Warlow (2005) supports decisions about feeding patients after stroke as it illustrates the significance of enteral tube feeding reducing risks of death at 6months. The article also identifies alternative evaluation tool; Fibre optic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES) has been developed as it can be used at the bedside to establish the movement of fluid and food in the larynx (Ramsey, Smithard Kalra, 2003). However it still requires a skilled operator to administer the swallowing test, therefore the person administering the tests must receive sufficient education and training in order to carry out the test accurately (Rodgers, 2005). It identifies the importance of nurses using the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool as it is a valid and reliable nutritional screening tool used in hospital setting, as high number of patient with stroke experience malnutrition (NICE, 2008). However the tool is not specific to stroke and would not identify reasons the patient is malnourished, but it enables the nurses to identify the patients who need to refer to speech and language therapist (Hickson, 2006). The overall article informs nurses of the common complication arising from stroke and the tools used to examine. It also identifies the importance of teamwork between nurses and speech and language therapy in maintaining the nutrition and hydration status of the patient after stroke. Annotated Policy Department of Health. (2007). National Stroke Strategy. London: HMSO The strategy has been put in place as it provide a quality framework against which local services can secure improvements to stroke services and address health inequalities involving stroke within ten years, provide advice, guidance and support for commissioners, strategic health authorities, the voluntary sector and social care, in the planning, development and monitoring of services; and inform the expectations of those affected by stroke and their families, by providing a guide to high-quality health and social care services. The Department of Health (2007) established a national strategy for stroke facilities in England. According to DoH (2007), almost 110,000 people under the age of 65 in England have a stroke yearly and 20-30% of those people pass away within a month. They identified Stroke as the main cause of disability within adults and costing the NHS and economy  £7 billion yearly as suggested by (Leatherman, Sutherland Airoldi 2008). The DoH developed the strategy as a result of an evidence based practice (Keele, 2011), which suggest what needs to be done by recommending nurses to use the care pathway to deliver an effective care to patients with stroke (Barker, 2013). The policy was implemented to remodel the services provided to the patients, ensuring they receive the best care using resources available. However due to some nurses lack of knowledge, it could limit the resources being used effectively (Rodgers, 2005). Although the policy supports the involvement of patients and family with stroke by involving them in care planning (Benner, Kyriakidis Stannard, 2011). However the policy identifies that this can prove to be less effective when communicating with the patient due to either physical disability or limited communication as a result of the severity of their stroke (DoH,2007).Therefore the policy identifies how to interact effectively with the patient by maintaining their dignity (Masters, 2014). Overall the policy highlights the important of nurses being updated frequently on different tools available to use when caring for their patient. This ensures the patients receive an up-to-date care and restricts their stay in hospital. To conclude, the writer has demonstrated understanding of the articles and policy chosen, by using literatures to analyse and explore further reading concerning how it influences the nursing care of the stroke patient. This has equipped the writer on how effective high quality care should be delivered to patients effectively. References Achterberg, T.V, Schoonhoven, L Grol, R. (2008). Nursing implementation science: How evidence based nursing requires evidence- based implementation. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 40(4), 302-310. Bach, S. Grant, A. (2011). Communication and interpersonal skills in nursing. (2nd ed). Great Britain: Short Run Press. Barker, A.M. (2009). Advanced practice nursing: Essential knowledge for the profession. USA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Barker, J. (2013). Evidence based practice for nurses. (2nd ed.). London:SAGE. Barret, S., Komaromy, C., Robb, M. Rodgers, A. (2004).Communication, relationship and care: A reader. USA: Routledge. Benner, P., Kyriakidis, P.H. Stannard, D. (2011). Clinical wisdom and interventions in acute and critical care: A thinking-in-action approach. (2nd ed.). New York: Springer Publishing. Burnard,P. (2003). Ordinary chat and therapeutic conversation: Phatic communication and mental health nursing. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Nursing, 10 (6), 678-682. Clayton, J., Jack, C.I., Ryall, C., Tran, J., Hilal, E. Gosney, M. (2006). Tracheal pH monitoring and aspiration in acute stroke. Age and Ageing. 5 (1), 47-53. Daniels, R, Grendell, R Wilkins, F.R. (2008). Nursing fundamentals: caring and clinical decision making. (2nd ed). USA: Cengage Learning. Dennis, M.S., Lewis, S.C. Warlow, C. Food Trial Collaboration (2005b). Effect of timing and method of enteral tube feeling for dysphagic stroke patients (FOOD): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. The Lancet. 365, 9461, 764-772. Egan, G. (2009). The skilled helper: A problem management and opportunity-development approach to helping. (9th ed.). USA: Cengage Learning. Hickson, M. (2006). Malnutrition and ageing. Postgraduate Medical Journal. 82 (963), 2-8. Jacobsson, C., Axelsson, K., Osterlind, P.O. Norberg, A. (2000). How people with stroke and healthy older people experience the eating process. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 9 (2), 255-264. Joice, S. (2012). Self-Management following Stroke. Nursing Standard, 26 (22), 39-46 Keele, R. (2011). Nursing research and evidence based practice: Ten steps to success. USA: Jones Bartlett Learning. Lorig, K. Holman, H.R. (2003). Self-Management education: History, definition,outcomes and mechanisms. Annals of Behavioural Medicine. 26 (1), 1-7. Leatherman, S., Sutherland, K. Airold, M. (2008). Bridging the quality gap: Stroke. Retrieved March, 9, 2014 from http://www.wales.nhs.uk/documents/bridging_the_quality_gap.pdf Masters, K. (2014). Role development in professional nursing practice. (3rd ed). USA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. McCabe, C Timmins, F. (2013). Communication skills for nursing practice. (2nd ed). UK: Palgrave Macmillian. Newman, S., Steed, L. Mulligan, K. (2009). Chronic physical illness: Self-management and behavioural intervention. England: Open University Press. Palmer, S. (2000). Introduction to counselling and psychotherapy. London: Sage Petersen, R. (2010). Ubuntu 10.04 LTS desktop handbook. USA: Surfing Turtle Press. Ramsey, D.J., Smithard, D.G. Kalra, L. (2003). Early assessments of dysphagia and aspiration risk in acute stroke patients. Stroke. 34 (5), 1252-1257. Rodger, B.L. (2005). Developing nursing knowledge: Philosophical traditions and influences. USA: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. Rowat, A. (2011). Malnutrition and Dehydration after Stroke. Nursing Standard, 26 (14), 42-46 Rowe, M.R D’Antonoio, L.L. (2005). Velopharyngeal dysfunction: Evolving developments in evaluation. Current Opinion in Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, 13 (6), 366-370. Schuster, P. (2000). Communication the key to the therapeutic relationship. Phiadelphia: F.A. Davis Company. United Kingdom. Department of Health. (2007). National Stroke Strategy. London: HMSO. United Kingdom. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. (2008). Stroke: National Clinical Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Initial Management of Acute Stroke and Transient Ischaemic Attack. Clinical Guideline No.68. London: HMSO. White, L., Duncan, G Baumle, W. (2011). Foundation of basic nursing. (3rd ed). USA: Cengage Learning. Young, J Forster, A. (2007). Review of stroke rehabilitation. British Medical Journal. 334 (7584), 86-90.

Childhood Contradictions :: Free Essays Online

Childhood Contradictions 1. Memories from my childhood are scarce and cloudy at best. Everything is distorted and it always seems like everyone is bigger than you, in more ways than one. From what I do remember, a major player in my development as a child was the overwhelming feeling of confusion. More times than not, I was confused by at least one of many things (authority, my own identity, physical, mental and emotional changes, etc). A child's confusion is due to the massive series of contradictions that is childhood itself. In Lewis Carroll's novels Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass , the meaning of childhood and what it is to be a child and literally live in a child's world takes on an entirely different meaning than ever before. Similarly, the computer game based on the novels, American McGee's Alice , gives an interesting perspective on the concept of childhood and the struggle to maturity. 2. The slew of contradictions in both of Lewis' novels is something that cannot be ignored, even by the most rudimentary of readers. The entire concept of the novels themselves is providing text which, in all honesty, seems to be complete nonsense and providing that nonsense with sense . This theory of sense from nonsense is clearly developed in Chapter 2 of Through the Looking Glass . In this chapter, titled â€Å"The Garden of Live Flowers,† Alice remarks to the flowers, â€Å"Aren't you sometimes frightened at being planted out here, with nobody to take care of you?† (Gray 121). In response to this remark, the Rose points out that â€Å"there's the tree in the middle† (Gray 122) as if that is supposed to give any sort of rational explanation for their feeling of security. When Alice asks what sort of protection a tree could provide, the Rose tells her that if any danger comes along the tree can bark. Now, this is an entirely ridiculous concept to begin with. The idea of inanimate objects having the ability to produce sound is complete nonsense to any rational person. However, the flowers give the tree's ability to bark and their ability to talk seemingly rational explanations. According to the Daisy, the tree â€Å"says ‘Bough-Wough!' That's why branches are called boughs!† (Gray 122). In response to the question about the flowers' proficiency at language, the Rose tells Alice that â€Å"in most gardens, they make the beds too soft - so that the flowers are always asleep† (Gray 122) and their flower bed is noticeably hard by comparison.

Sales and Markup

Student Name: __________________________________________ID ___________ Worksheet: Metric 5 Mark-up & Margin 1) A computer software retailer uses a markup rate of 40%. If the retailer pays $25 each for computer games sold in its stores, how much do the games sell for? Answer: The markup is 40% of the $25 cost, so the markup is: (0. 40) * ($25) = $10 Then the selling price, being the cost plus markup, is: $25 + $10 = $35 Therefore the games sell for $35. 2) A golf pro shop pays its wholesaler $40 for a certain club, and then sells that club to golfers for $75.What is the retail markup rate? Answer: The gross profit in dollars is calculated as sales price less cost: $75 – $40 = $35 The markup rate is then calculated: Markup (%) = Gross Profit / Cost *100 = $35 / $40 *100 = 87. 5% 3) A shoe store uses a 40% markup on cost. Find the cost of a pair of shoes that sells for $63. Answer: The cost of the shoes is calculated as follows: Selling Price = Cost + Markup ($) = Cost + (Markup (%) * Cost) $63 = Cost + (40% * Cost) $63 = Cost + (0. 4 * Cost) $63 = (1 + 0. 4) * Cost $63 = 1. 4 * Cost Cost = $63 / 1. 4 = $45 ) In 2009, Donna Manufacturing sold 100,000 widgets for $5 each, with a cost of goods sold of $2. What is the company’s margin %? Identify a way that Donna Manufacturing can increase its profit margin? Answer: First we have to calculate the gross profit: Gross Profit = Selling Price – Cost of Goods Sold = $5 – $2 = $3 Now we can calculate the margin: Margin (%) = Gross Profit / Sales * 100 = $3 / $5 * 100 = 60% Ways to increase the profit margin: – Decrease cost of material – Decrease cost of manufacturing – Increase sales price per unit – Decrease COGS ) If a product costs $100 and is sold with a 25% markup at a retail store, what would be the retailer’s margin on the product? What should be the markup and selling price if the retailer desires a 25% margin? Why might the retailer be seeking to incr ease their margin? Answer: a) To calculate the margin, we first have to determine the sales price: Markup ($) = Markup (%) * Cost = 25% * $100 = $25 Selling Price = Cost + Markup ($) = $100 + $25 = $125 Margin (%) = Markup / Price * 100 = $25 / $125 * 100 = 20% Therefore the retailer’s margin would be 20% when the product is sold at a 25% markup. ) To calculate the markup and selling price at a 25% margin: Selling Price = Cost / (1 – Margin (%)) = $100 / (1 – 25%) = $100 / (1 – 0. 25) = $133. 33 Markup ($) = Selling Price – Cost = $133. 33 – $100 = $33. 33 Markup (%) = Markup ($) / Cost * 100 = $33. 33 / $100 * 100 = 33. 33% Therefore to obtain 25% margins, the product would have to be sold at $133. 33 with a markup of 33. 33%. c) Reasons for increase include: – Increase in fixed costs (rent, tax, commission, wages, etc. ) – Increase in demand and/or decrease in supply Other competitors/retailers charge more for the product and the higher margin is a result of increasing sales price to match 6) The following is a Distribution Chain for a Pair of designer Jeans: The manufacturer in China produces the Jeans for $5. 00 a pair and sell them to the importer for $7. 00. The importer sell them to the brand distributor for $10. 00 a pair The Retail store buys them for $50. 00 from the brand distributor. The Retail Store markups them up 150%. What is the Retail Price? What is the Margin % and Markup % for each of the Channel partners in the Distribution Chain? |Retail Price = $125. 0 | | | | | | | | | |Manufacturer | |Importer | |Distributor | |Retail | | | |Mark-up % | | | |40. 00% | |42. 86% | |400. 00% | |150. 0% | | | |Margin % | | | |28. 57% | |30. 00% | |80. 00% | |60. 00% | | | |Selling Price | |$ 5. 00 | |$ 7. 0 | |$ 10. 00 | |$ 50. 00 | |$ 125. 00 | | | |Channel Margin | | | |$ 2. 00 | |$ 3. 0 | |$ 40. 00 | |$ 75. 00 | | | |Channel Markup | | | |$ 2. 00 | |$ 3. 0 | |$ 40. 00 | |$ 75. 00 | | | | | | | | | | | | |

40 Million Years of Dog Evolution

40 Million Years of Dog Evolution In many ways, the story of dog evolution follows the same plot line as the evolution of horses and elephants: a small, inoffensive, ancestral species gives rise, over the course of tens of millions of years, to the respectably sized descendants we know and love today. But there are two big differences in this case: first, dogs are carnivores, and the evolution of carnivores is a twisty, serpentine affair involving not only dogs, but prehistoric hyenas, bears, cats, and now-extinct mammals like creodonts and mesonychids. And second, of course, dog evolution took a sharp right turn about 15,000 years ago, when the first wolves were domesticated by early humans (see a gallery of prehistoric dog pictures). As far as paleontologists can tell, the very first carnivorous mammals evolved during the late Cretaceous period, about 75 million years ago (the half-pound Cimolestes, which lived high up in trees, being the most likely candidate). However, its more likely that every carnivorous animal alive today can trace its ancestry back to Miacis, a slightly bigger, weasel-like creature that lived about 55 million years ago, or 10 million years after the dinosaurs went extinct. Miacis was far from a fearsome killer, though: this tiny furball was also arboreal and feasted on insects and eggs as well as small animals. Before the Canids: Creodonts, Mesonychids, and Friends Modern dogs evolved from a line of carnivorous mammals called canids, after the characteristic shape of their teeth. Before (and alongside) the canids, though, there were such diverse families of predators as amphicyonids (the bear dogs, typified by Amphicyon, which seem to have been more closely related to bears than dogs), prehistoric hyenas (Ictitherium was the first of this group to live on the ground rather than in trees), and the marsupial dogs of South America and Australia. Although vaguely dog-like in appearance and behavior, these predators werent directly ancestral to modern canines. Even more fearsome than bear dogs and marsupial dogs were mesonychids and creodonts. The most famous mesonychids were the one-ton Andrewsarchus, the largest ground-dwelling carnivorous mammal that ever lived, and the smaller and more wolflike Mesonyx. Oddly enough, mesonychids were ancestral not to modern dogs or cats, but to prehistoric whales. The creodonts, on the other hand, left no living descendants; the most noteworthy members of this breed were Hyaenodon and the strikingly named Sarkastodon, the former of which looked (and behaved) like a wolf and the latter of which looked (and behaved) like a grizzly bear. The First Canids: Hesperocyon and the "Bone-Crushing Dogs" Paleontologists agree that the late Eocene (about 40 to 35 million years ago) Hesperocyon was directly ancestral to all later canids- and thus to the genus Canis, which branched off from a subfamily of canids about six million years ago. This western dog was only about the size of a small fox, but its inner-ear structure was characteristic of later dogs, and theres some evidence that it may have lived in communities, either high up in trees or in underground burrows. Hesperocyon is very well-represented in the fossil record; in fact, this was one of the most common mammals of prehistoric North America. Another group of early canids was the borophagines, or bone-crushing dogs, equipped with powerful jaws and teeth suitable for scavenging the carcasses of mammalian megafauna. The largest, most dangerous borophagines were the 100-pound Borophagus and the even bigger Epicyon; other genera included the earlier Tomarctus and Aelurodon, which were more reasonably sized. We cant say for sure, but theres some evidence that these bone-crushing dogs (which were also restricted to North America) hunted or scavenged in packs, like modern hyenas. The First True Dogs: Leptocyon, Eucyon, and the Dire Wolf Heres where things get a bit confusing. Shortly after the appearance of Hesperocyon 40 million years ago, Leptocyon arrived on the scene- not a brother, but more like a second cousin once removed. Leptocyon was the first true canine (that is, it belonged to the caninae subfamily of the canidae family), but a small and unobtrusive one, not much bigger than Hesperocyon itself. The immediate descendant of Leptocyon, Eucyon, had the good fortune to live at a time when both Eurasia and South America were accessible from North America- the first via the Bering land bridge, and the second thanks to the uncovering of central America. In North America, about six million years ago, populations of Eucyon evolved into the first members of the modern dog genus Canis, which spread to these other continents. But the tale doesnt end there. Although canines (including the first coyotes) continued to live in North America during the Pliocene epoch, the first plus-sized wolves evolved elsewhere, and re-invaded North America shortly before the ensuing Pleistocene (via that same Bering land bridge). The most famous of these canines was the Dire Wolf, Canis diris, which evolved from an old world wolf that colonized both North and South America (by the way, the Dire Wolf competed directly for prey with Smilodon, the saber-toothed tiger.) The end of the Pleistocene epoch witnessed the rise of human civilization around the world. As far as we can tell, the first domestication of the Gray Wolf occurred somewhere in Europe or Asia anywhere from 30,000 to 15,000 years ago. After 40 million years of evolution, the modern dog had finally made its debut!

Sample Personal Statement Essay Example

Sample Personal Statement Essay Example Sample Personal Statement Essay Sample Personal Statement Essay Essay Topic: In the Waiting Room The Piano Lesson As an undergraduate student at the University of New Mexico I have become increasingly aware of the complex network problems that I face as a citizen of the world. I have also realized the progress and success that I enjoy in the same capacity as the frontiers of medicine, technology and communication continue to expand. My desire to participate in the resolution of those problems and in the further expansion of those frontiers had inspired me to seek a degree in biology and entrance into a School of Dentistry. I intend to successfully complete program of dentistry and further my specialization in the area of endodontics. Upon completion of my degree programs I would like to return to the southwest region of the country to make my services available to the underserved population of the area. I would also like to spend some time serving the populations of Central and South America where I could gain invaluable experience and provide the much needed services of a specialist. My desire to enter the field of dentistry has grown as I’ve participated with professional oral health care providers in the field and observed a wide range of procedures. My interest in dentistry began early on as I was involved in orthodontics for eight years before undergoing corrective jaw surgery. I gained a deep appreciation and understanding of what people in need of such services are experiencing, as well as a great respect and admiration for the professionals of that field. Through the practice of dentistry I desire to have a positive supportive impact on the lives of those I serve, as I experienced in my own life through my oral healthcare providers. I also desire to be a respected, contributing member of the community, and I feel that the field of dentistry will afford me such opportunities as I participate in it. I will be successful in dental school because of my dedication to the pursuit of academic excellence and my desire to succeed. I have gained experience in public speaking through my various service and academic activities and enjoy meeting and dealing with people, which will serve me in dental school and as a professional healthcare provider. I have increased my fine motor skills and manual dexterity through my study of guitar, which will also aide me in pursuit of a DDS degree. My service as a missionary in Mexico gave me a better understanding of the world and of life as I worked with people in many different situations. I struggled and succeeded in my search for ways to serve and help people in a language, land and culture that was not my own. Those experiences have given me needed skills and attributes to become a successful servant of the community and participant in the dental community. I have repeatedly shown my determination in the environment of the university as I have faced and conquered challenges. I was able to successfully return to the university after my two-year absence and have been successful each semester since in maintaining my scholarship. I have maintain my academic standing as I take full loads of course work and hold employment outside of class as well as sustain my family. I feel that I have been able to accomplish this because of the balance I seek as I participate in the academic, spiritual, social and family spheres of my life. Essay # 2 Author Accepted for 2006 Entering Class The smell alone used to make me nauseous. I could barely get through the front door before I would feel the hair at the base of my neck stand on end. I would sit uncomfortably in the waiting room chairs praying that my mom would have a change of heart to take me back home. This was the scene each and every time I had a dental appointment. Needless to say, I feared the dentist. My memories of the dentist are not highlighted with visits to the treasure box or the joy of picking out a new toothbrush. By the time I reached this part of the dental visit, I wanted nothing to do with anything that would keep me in the office even a second more. My first exposure to dentistry, out of the chair, came when I began babysitting for a dentist. He worked on the weekends, and his daughter and I would tag along. Initially I stayed as far away from the dentist chair as possible, but later, I became curious, and gradually observant. By the time I reached high school, I was intrigued by every aspect of dentistry. The procedures quickly turned from one of torment into something more familiar. Coming from a family of engineers and contractors, I recognized the doctor’s instruments because they were similar to tools I had grown up watching my father use. I began to think of dentistry as performing small scale construction in a small hole. Performing such intricate procedures while simultaneously utilizing my mind and hands both excited me and complimented my detail attentive personality. Since my interest first peaked, I have continued towards my goal to become a dentist, not only through high academic achievement, but with life experience. I obtained my dental radiography license and worked as a dental assistant during high school and was provided with the opportunity to observe a variety of dental procedures. I also gained exposure to the additional responsibilities of a dental professional ranging from the billing process to dealing with insurance companies. I got a glimpse of the organizational skills necessary to run a small business. I continued gaining experiences upon entering college by volunteering at a dental clinic that provides free services to the homeless. My service at this clinic has strengthened my desire to become a dentist. Volunteering at the homeless dental clinic has taught me the importance of dental hygiene and how it can affect every aspect of a person’s life. Most of the homeless patients have neglected their teeth for years, and realize that they need help. It is an amazing experience to watch the transformation in a person as their teeth are fixed. For most patients, it is a long process, and their self esteem visibly increases with each visit. By the end of the treatment, some finally have the confidence to get a job, and may return to let us know of their new found success. The personal contact incorporated with dentistry is appealing as it provides the opportunity to interact with individuals of diverse ages, cultures, and backgrounds. As a student and an employee I have to realize the importance of integrity, responsibility, and hard-work. I know that in order to earn the respect and trust of my patients, I must be dependable, energetic, and professional. I must have the confidence to take on the role of authority, while as the same time be willing to follow the lead of someone else if necessary. I have equipped myself with these necessary traits to be a successful dental student and professional through my classes, employment, and extracurricular activities. Working as an administrative assistance has equipped me with communication skills, and has taught me how to efficiently organize my time. Conversing with children with a mental illness while working as a mental health technician has built my character by improving my patience and revealing the traits necessary to earn the trust of others. Leading my university’s pre-dental society as president has taught me leadership skills and how to organize a group to work together. As a native New Mexican, I realize the states vast need for dental health care professionals, and would like to contribute by returning to the state after completion of my dental degree. Becoming a dentist has been my desire throughout both high school and college, and I have worked at becoming a well-round, educated, and experienced individual to achieve this goal. I have developed a strong work ethic, which, when combined with my choice of dentistry as a profession, has been greatly enhanced by the opportunities that I have had to work in this field. I firmly believe that I have built a foundation from with I will move forward to earn my dental degree. I am determined to success, and ready to begin this challenge. Essay # 3 Author Accepted for 2006 Entering Class I can vividly recall my grandfather opening his tool shed in hopes of inspiring his five year-old grandson to create something beautiful out of pieces of wood that were old and otherwise discarded. A passion for intricate artwork has seemingly always been a part of my life. Whether it is throwing a pot on a wheel or tying flies to mimic aquatic insects for the art of fly fishing, I have always loved to create pieces of art with my hands. A true love for intricate artistic work is a necessary and an essential characteristic of a dentist. I have devoted five years to playing guitar, and it has become part of my everyday life. Great manual dexterity is required to play the guitar, and this manual dexterity bears a direct correlation to dentistry. When trying to undertake a new musical piece, the initial excitement overwhelms me and accomplishing a beautiful musical piece provides great satisfaction. Similarly, in dentistry, when a patient has a problem, the dentist will assess and treat the individual. On many occasions, I have found that the dentist is eager to start the procedure and pleased with the work and the well being of the patient. It is my belief that dentists hands not only have the power to grasp the world but the power to change it. I feel that dentistry will afford me with the opportunity to do something I love, working with my hands. The manual dexterity involved in dentistry is only a fraction of what makes the profession wonderful. To a further extent, a dentist must have a humanistic instinct to provide care to others. As a college freshman, I volunteered every weekday of my summer as a literacy leader for Americorps. While volunteering as a literacy leader 40 hours a week at Cesar Chavez Community Center, I had the privilege of mentoring and teaching young boys how to read. Spanish happened to be the childrens first language and overcoming the language barrier became easier as I immersed myself deeper into the language. Teaching these children allowed me to develop a greater understanding of people and a trusting and caring relationship with each child. For the past three years, I have been part of Healthy Smiles, Special Smiles, and Give Kids A Smile Day. These three volunteer events give opportunities for the entire dental community to work together for the sake of childrens dental healthcare and I have established that this is important to me and my character. I have had many memorable experiences from these volunteer events and they have all taught me how to be kind, gentle, and comforting to the patients. I look forward to dedicating my time to such volunteer events as a dentist. In addition to these volunteer events, I also enjoy participating in extracurricular activities such as running, lifting weights, snowboarding, reading, and fly-fishing. All of these activities help me cope with stress and give me time to see where I fit in this world. For the past year, I have been working at Starbucks as a Barista. This job has shown me people from all walks of life and has given me a better understanding of people. Many people who come into Starbucks are fascinating and I enjoy learning about their lives. The social skills obtained from this job are an invaluable asset to my character. One of my greatest accomplishments has been being an active member of the Pre-Dental Society for my entire career at the University of New Mexico. It was my pleasure to be the Vice President of the Pre-Dental Society for the past year. I am currently the President of the Pre-Dental Society and look forward to the upcoming year. These two leadership positions have enriched my public speaking ability and given me the confidence to articulate my ideas clearly. Extracurricular activities give you a time to reflect on the type of person you are and the merit of your character and this, too, is important to me. These extracurricular activities have refined me as a person and given me new and satisfying experiences. There is something unique about dentistry that draws you in the more you immerse yourself into the profession. Maybe it is the dedication to excellence or the altruism that gives you a sense of belonging. Regardless of what brought me to dentistry, I am here to stay because it is where I belong. Essay # 4 Author Accepted for 2006 Entering Class. Activities that challenged my curious mind such as solving crossword puzzles and riddles thrilled me as a child, and my love for challenges expanded into other areas as I grew older. I began playing musical instruments at the age of six, beginning with the piano and ultimately moving on to the clarinet, which I have played for the past 9 years. The clarinet allowed me to achieve greater manual dexterity through countless hours of practice, as I have trained my hands to move carefully and precisely. There is no greater feeling than that of having mastered the fingering for a particularly difficult musical piece. Similarly, it will be necessary as a dentist to devote many hours perfecting the techniques essential for providing high-quality oral healthcare and I will feel great satisfaction in doing so. Not only should good dentists acquire great manual dexterity, but they should also have excellent hand-eye coordination. While helping a PhD student conduct research using Drosophila flies, I was required to manipulate the small specimen to identify their species, sex, and size. This experience permitted me the opportunity to improve on the eye-hand coordination skills that are crucial for good dentistry. The challenges I will confront throughout my course in dental school do not daunt me, but motivate me. It has always been exciting for me to take problems and solve them using my mind and my hands. Not only has the technical difficulty of playing an instrument satisfied me, but also the sheer beauty of the art form. Music has the ability to impact the emotions of people. I see a similar opportunity in dentistry to bring joy and happiness to peoples lives. By providing a person with the appropriate treatment, a person who has a low self-esteem due to untreated dental problems can be transformed into a person who has self-confidence. As a child, I had a terrible overbite and was in dire need of an orthodontist. The result of braces was more than a corrected bite. It yielded a higher self-esteem and a greater sense of self-confidence in me. I would like to provide others with the chance to have this same experience. Shadowing in many different dental offices allowed me to realize that all forms of dentistry can have this effect on patients, whether it was crowns from a general dentist or a set of dentures from a prosthodontist. Helping people psychologically is an additional result of what is most important, which is taking care of the patients overall oral health. One of the most influential moments that lead me to pursue a career in dentistry was the day a UNM Pre-Dental Society guest speaker discussed the underserved communities in New Mexico. I was astonished to learn that all but a few counties are in dire need of dentists. From that day forward I made it my personal goal to become a dentist so that I could help the people of New Mexico. Helping people has always been a part of my life. I have always enjoyed helping classmates with schoolwork as well as spending many hours teaching my younger sisters. In the past year, I was employed as a Biology/Chemistry tutor, which allowed me to help other students succeed. I have also been able to help others through community service and volunteer work such as annual clothing donations to homeless shelters, participating in volunteer events such as Making Strides Against Breast Cancer walk, Give Kids a Smile and Special Olympics Special Smiles. These events helped me to realize that I want to continue helping people in the future. Being elected Historian of the UNM Pre-Dental Society gives me yet another way to help other students, now in their pursuit of a dental career. I would like to have the opportunity to continue helping others through dentistry. The desire to help people was instilled in me by my family. They have always encouraged me to work hard and praised me for my accomplishments. As the first person in my family who will graduate from college, I can understand the importance of family encouragement in having accomplished this goal. In the future I would like to have my own family, providing the same encouragement I was so fortunate to have as a child. I will be successful in dental school because I possess perseverance. Being determined and persistent has helped me overcome many obstacles in the paths towards many goals in my life, and these attributes will prove just as beneficial in my pursuit of a dental career. Essay # 5 Author Accepted for 2006 Entering Class My name is â€Å"name of author. † I am twenty-four years old and have graduated from the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque. My studies were concentrated on Biology as my major, and Spanish as my minor. I was adopted from South Korea when I was seven months old. My family and I resided in Milwaukee, Wisconsin until I was four, then Chicago, Illinois until I was twelve. After that we lived in Glendive, Montana. I have a unique perspective of lifestyles and culture due to the diversity of the places that have shaped me and helped me become who I am today and they have defined what I want to pursue professionally, which is Dentistry. I have come to understand the importance of comparative and contrasting qualities. In Chicago, the city was the hub of civilization and in Montana the citizens relied on and lived for the land and cattle. Presently, in Albuquerque, I have come to love and appreciate the Southwest style and diverse culture. Everywhere that I have lived and traveled has taught me something new and offered irreplaceable life experiences. I chose the University of New Mexico because I wanted to be far enough away from home to be independent, and also because they offered majors in biology and dance. I was on the UNM dance team for three years. Throughout college my interests have expanded which is why I now still study Spanish as well as biology. After attending an exchange program to Trujillo, Spain, I plan to utilize the Spanish language in the dental practice. I have come to respect and love the now-thriving language in America. I plan to educate and assist people in upholding a condition of well being of every ethnicity and background. I am constantly seeking new experiences as well as responsibility and have been a resident advisor for two years and then a Student Head Resident for one year. This is my second year that I am an Area Coordinator in the residence halls. Working directly with student, faculty, staff, and peers, I know I thrive to work directly with many people in a personal setting. With the responsibilities of these occupations, I have also learned many managerial skills, which are applicable to the dental field. My family is an important aspect of my life. Since I am adopted I have learned that the value of a family is measured in love, not in bloodlines. My family has supported me in everything that I do, especially now as I apply to dental school. They have taught me trust, responsibility, respect, determination, honesty, and of course, love. With these attributes and the support from my family, I am confident in myself to further broaden and excel in the pursuit for an education in dentistry. I have been involved in a variety of activities throughout my life. These experiences have helped me to define who I am as a person and where I fit into society. Trying different activities has broadened my horizons and raised the expectation for myself. They have taught me how to learn and attempt to strive for my ultimate best. They have also taught me that trying new things is constantly a good lesson to remember throughout my life. The most important thing that I have taken from these different activities is the ability to narrow and define exactly what it is that I want to do with my life, which is working in the dental field. I started thinking about career choices while attending college; and while I have always had a passion for biology and the fact that it is the study of life, I have not had a desire to be a dentist since I was little. From my love for biology derived my compassion and drive to improve the quality of life for others. Having worked with people all my life, there is nothing I would rather do. The field of dentistry gives hope, confidence, and health to others. I want to give back to the community my erudition to better the lives for individuals and families in sustaining a soundness of body and mind. I am determined to do whatever it takes to excel in the field of Dentistry. Essay # 6 Author Accepted for 2007 Entering Class He gave me something valuable, something I could not have done for myself. That is how I felt each time I left my dentist’s office as a teenager. I wondered how the dentist must feel on the giving side of the relationship and I hoped to one day be in a profession that would allow me to help people daily in such a tangible way. As I matured and became more serious about choosing a profession during my college career, I realized that dentistry is exactly what I want to do with my life. In my preparation for a dental career, I have spent many hours observing this same dentist who inspired me years ago as he helps others maintain their dental and overall health. I clearly see the satisfaction that can be achieved by practicing dentistry. I have also been able to observe all the nine dental specialties (except radiology and pathology) seeing a wide variety of dental procedures ranging from simple fillings to more technical gingival grafts, osseous regeneration surgery, apicoectomy, veneer smile makeovers, etc. The more I see, the more eager I become to actively participate in such an exciting profession. Success in the dental field requires dedication, compassion, and the ability to work intimately and effectively with people. I am well prepared to take on this challenge. I have worked as a corporate trainer for a 500-employee quick-lube franchise in the Southwest for the past three years while completing a Bachelor of Business degree at the University of New Mexico. My professional experience continuously hones my interpersonal communication skills, public speaking skills, and leadership as I help manage a business and educate hundreds of people. As a corporate trainer, I have become more self-motivated, organized, and detail-oriented through being responsible for designing company training programs, modifying company policies, and teaching new skills to managers and employees alike. I have also developed further dedication and commitment working to provide for a family while attending classes full time and participating in other extracurricular activities. Dentists frequently tell me that managing a practice is one of the activities they struggle with the most. My business background and strong interpersonal skills will enhance my ability to succeed in dentistry. I am serving as the Vice President of the New Mexico Pre-dental Society this coming year where I can use these skills to help New Mexico produce more dentists and reduce the state’s immense shortage. As a dentist I would like to be actively involved in advancing the profession and promoting improved oral health in my underserved state and our nation. My professional experience provides a strong foundation to achieve these goals. I spent two years living in remote areas of Brazil serving an ecclesiastical mission and learning to read, write, and speak fluent Portuguese. In Brazil I witnessed the great suffering caused by poor oral health. So many teenagers had mouths full of decayed permanent teeth, which must have caused great pain and loss of self esteem. They did not even have a way to get these teeth safely extracted. Access to dental care and proper oral hygiene education could have prevented nearly all these problems. I hope to someday participate in humanitarian health care programs in Brazil and I also know that there are far too many Americans with limited access to care. I plan to serve in one of the smaller towns of New Mexico to help alleviate this great need. For the past three years I have volunteered for a program called Taxhelp New Mexico where I did free tax preparation for low income and elderly families. I love working with people and enjoy the opportunity to teach them ways to save money on taxes. They leave so grateful and I get that same feeling that I gave them something valuable they could not do for themselves. I greatly enjoy teaching others and have already started to ponder ways to educate and motivate patients to better maintain their oral health. These, and many other events, have kindled my aspirations to become a dentist and have prepared me to be successful during and after dental school. Dentistry is a perfect way to combine my affinity for business, my passion for learning the biological sciences, and my desire to teach and serve others. I am anxious to achieve my goals and consider it a privilege to be starting a career in a field that is so respectable and that gives back so much to our communities.